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RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 

Yesterday 
and Today 



COMPLIMKNTS OK 



The City of Richmond 

AND 

The Chamber of Commerce 

OF 

Richmond, Va. 
1913 




; wsf 



&. ** tu 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and To-day 



lORKWOKI) 




\ the preparation of tlii- little 
brochure, an embarrassment of 
riches has been experienced, a~ 
tlic nature and limitations of 
t lif publical ion rendered a pro- 
cess of elimi na t i< in necessa v\ . 

While ii is certain i bai nol hing has been 
mentioned which should have been excluded, 

yel - ■ things have no doubl been omitted 

which were well and equally worthy of 
at liiil inn. 

Km as a free hand and ;i much more pre- 
tentious volume would be required to do full 
justice to such a theme as Richmond, the 
author bespeaks consideration on the pari 
of ili«' gentle reader, for errors and omis- 
sions due largelj to lack of space. 




JAMtSTUVVN ISLAND 




Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 

ICHMOND, the capital and metropolis of Virginia, 
is renowned in history, and in the limelight of the 
living present, enjoys a fair and enviable reputation. 
The people of the 
colonial seal community are 
sometimes, in this age of material- 
ism, the subject of friendly criti- 
cism for dwelling too much in the 
past; but were they insensible to 
the traditions of Virginia and her 
capital, they would ill deserve the 
good fortune which now smiles 
upon them ; and any description 
of Richmond which failed to give 
her past a proper place and presen- 
tation would be most incomplete. 
In May, 1607, shortly after 
the landing of the English settlers captain john smit 




Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and 1 




I'OWHATAN S GRAVE 



at Jamestown, John Smith, Captain 
Newport ami others ascended the 
James river as far as the place where 
Richmond now stands. In Septem- 
ber, 1609, Smith, who was the presi- 
dent at Jamestown, again ascended 
the river to find a better location for 
the colony than Jamestown. He pur- 
chased from the Indians some land 
near the present site of Richmond, 
and so pleased was he with the place 
that he called it Wane Such.' 

In 1733 Colonel William Byrd 
founded Richmond; in 1737 he ad- 
vertised its advantages in the Virginia Gazette; and subsequently, 
in 17s''. to expedite sales of lots in the town, his son established 
the well known Byrd lottery, often referred to in conveyances of 
the present day. 

1 bus Smith, associated in story with the romantic Indian Prin- 
cess 1'otahontas and her father, the famous Powhatan, may be con- 
sidered the projector of Richmond; 
while the Byrds, in the parlance of 
to-day, were its promoters, lacking 
none of the enterprise and specula- 
tive spirit of the modern promoter. 
1 lie town of Richmond was es- 
tablished by the General Assembly of 
Virginia in 1742, but it was not made 
the capital of the State until 1 779, 
when the seat of government was 
removed here from the more ancient 
city of Williamsburg. 

It was also the capital of the late 
Southern Confederacy, and the storm 




Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 




1,1 KNtD DISTRICT OF RICHMOND AFTER THE EVACf ATION 



center of the great war between the States. When evacuated 
April 3rd, 1865, its business section was almost entirely destroyed 
by a conflagration originating in the arsenals and warehouses, fired 
by the Confederates as a war measure. 

From the earliest colonial times the history of Virginia, and 
especially Tidewater Virginia, including Richmond and its vicinity, 
has, by great events and great men, been prominently connected 
with every important era in the growth and development of the 
country. This is amply attested by the landmarks on every side — 
its battlefields, its historic buildings, and its monuments. 



Richmond. Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




CHIMBORAZO PARK AND STATION U. S. WEATHER BUREAU, 
EASTERN KNI) OF GRACE STREET 

Itinerary to Points of Interest 

The purpose and compass of the present souvenir will only per- 
mit publication of the following illustrations of some of the memorials 
in Richmond, arranged as they may he most conveniently reached, 
starting from Chimborazo Park, formerly the site of the largest 
Confederate hospital in Richmond. This park affords a view of 
James river, and overlooks 
the valley of " Bloody 
Run," the scene of a fam- 
ous c o n H i c t w i t h t h e 
Indians. The United 
States \\ eather Bureau 
Station is now located in 
the center of this park. 

I n passing note \ lew of 
an old stone residence, the most old stone house, Washington's reputed 

venerable in the city.) headqi arters 




Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today g 




SCENE ON" JAMES KIN ER 




MARSHALL PARK AND CONFEDERATE SOLD1EKS AND SAILORS MONUMENT, 
FRANKLIN STREET. BETWEEN 27TH AND 2QTH 



io Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



V 


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OLD PARISH CHURCH OF ST. JOHNS. BROAD AND TWENTY-FOURTH, GRACE AND 
TWENTY-FIFTH STREETS 



One of the most historic buildings in tin's city is St. John's 
Church, where religious service was performed hefore the Revolu- 
tionary war. In it are to be seen the following inscriptions : 

St. John's, I 741 

Whittaker : 

To the glory of God, and in grateful memory of Reverend Alexander 
Whittaker of Cambridge University, England. Rector of Henrico Parish, 
l6l i-lbiy. A consecrated, faithful, zealous missionary of the Church of 
England, vuho devoted his life to upbuilding the founders of Virginia in the 
Christian religion, and to the conversion of the Indians, He instructed , bap- 
tized and married Pocahontas. He was accidentally drowned in James River 
in l6ij. 

This tablet is erected by the congregation of St. John's Church, 1907 . 

"Give me liberty, or give me death." To the glory of God, and as a 
grateful tribute to the memory of her illustrious son and first Governor, Patrick 
Henry, the Commonwealth of Virginia has caused this tablet to be erected. 

In the Virginia Convention assembled in this Church, March 20, 1775, by his 
immortal eloquence he inspired in his countrymen the clear conviction of truth 
and duty, and aroused them to consecrate themselves to the defence of liberty . 

May 29, 1736. June 6, 1799. 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



ii 



Buchanan : 

In memory of Reverend John Buchanan, D. D. Born in Scotland in 1743. 
Died in Richmond, J'irginia, 1822. A. M. University oj Edinburgh. Rector 
of Henrico Parish 17SJ-1S22. First Treasurer Diocese of Virginia. "The 
beloved Parson." This stone placed by the congregation of St. John's Church, 
IQIO , marks his grave under the old chancel. 

Rose ; 

//; memortam Robert Rose, D. D. Born JVebesters Alves, Scotland, Feb- 
ruary 12, 1704. Died Richmond , J'irginia, June JO, iyjl. 

Selden : 

/;; memoriam Reverend Miles Gary Selden. Horn in J'irginia 1726, 
Died 778$. Ordained in London. 1762. Minister of Henrico Parish 17 j2- 
17S5. Member of Henrico Committee for Safety, 1774-1775 . Chaplain 
l T irginia Convention J77J. 

The First Baptist Church (Colored^ 

The First Baptist Church (Colored) erected 17S0, rebuilt 1876. 

The First African Baptist Church, the structure which pre- 
ceded the present church as indicated in the above inscription, 
was an old, historic building. Besides serving as a place of worship 
for the colored people it was used for many other and notable pur- 
poses. The Virginia Convention of 1829 and 1830 assembled 
within its walls from December 1st to January 15th, and the 
momentous meeting in 1865, after the failure of the Peace Con- 
ference at Fortress Monroe, addressed by President Davis, Judah 
P. Benjamin, R. M. T. Hunter and others which decided 
to prosecute the war 
until every resource be- 
came exhausted, was 
also held in the old 
church. It was like- 
wise the place where 
Patti, Sontagand other 
virtuosos of earlier and 
later fame charmed the 
Richmond public with 
their performances. African church 




12 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 




MOM'MtVI Al. CHIRCH, BROAD BETWEEN TWELFTH 
AND COLLEGE STREETS 



Monumental Church 

In 1786 Richmond's 
first theatre was built on 
"The Theatre Square." 
In that building the con- 
vention met which rati- 
fied the Constitution of 
the United States. 
Among those who made 
that convention famous 
were Madison. Monroe, 
Henry, Mason, Pen- 
dleton. That structure was burned in 1802. A new theatre arose 
from the ashes of the first. The second theatre, from a singular 
fatality, was burned December 26th, 181 1. It was filled with the 
most brilliant representatives of Virginia's social, political and intel- 
lectual life. Seventy-two lives were lost in that disaster including 
the Governor of the State. The Monumental Church, completed 
in 1814, was erected upon its site, and the monument in the portico 
of the church covers the remains of the victims. 

Confederate Museum 

Behind the Museum is a section of the shaft of the Merrimac, 
and the anchor chain of the Cumberland. 

Inscription on Shaft: 

*** Tablet contributed by the Franklin Buchanan Camp, U. C. /'., No. 74J, 
Baltimore, Maryland. 



\\ bite House of the Confederacy," was for some years after the 
war used as a public school, but subsequently presented by the city 
to the Confederate Memorial Literary Society, composed of patriotic 
women of the South, who solely and most efficiently conduct its 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today. 13 




CONFEDERATE MUSEUM 

affairs. Aside from the association of the house as the residence 
of Mr. Davis, the museum is of great interest. There is a collec- 
tion here, that is entirely the work of Southern women which is 
wonderfully interesting ; such things as the uniform worn by Gen- 
eral Lee when he surrendered to General Grant ; autograph letters 
from the famous generals, and many of them; Jefferson Davis' 
private office and some of its furniture; the suit worn when he 
was captured; many of his personal belongings; and war relics 
from all over the South are to be seen. In addition to a number of 
portaits, this museum contains a valuable collection of oil paintings, 
scenes from the South, principally of Fort Sumpter and Charleston, 
by Conrad Wise Chapman; and a series of water colors by Wm. 
L. Shepherd, a Richmond artist, illustrating the life of the Confed- 
erate soldier in camp and on the battlefield. 




u 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




Maury Residence 
No. 1 105 East Clay street is 
the house in which Commodore 
Maury resided during the earlier 
part of the war. 
Inscription : 

In this house Matthew Fontaine 
Maury, 1. 1.. /)., U. S. A'., C. S. .7., 
invented the submarine electrical tor- 
pedo, 1861-1862. This stone is placed 
by the Confederate Memorial Literary 
Society, A. D. 1910. 

The Valentine Museum, 
upon the same street, only half 
a block distant, is in an elegant 
malry residence old residence, one of a num- 

ber which made this street at one time the "Court end" of the city. 
The building itself, with its well preserved and handsome interior 
ornamentation, is a fine example of the architecture of the period. A 
formal garden and court add to the quaintness. The museum com- 
prises a collection of casts from the antique, an interesting exhibit of 
old paintings, some fine pieces of German tapestry of the 17th cen- 
tury, a collection of books dating from 1474, embracing print>, mez- 
zotints and engravings, setting forth the history of printing ; a Vir- 
ginia room contains works of colonial an-;! revolutionary times, and 
the original cast of the re- 
cumbent statue of General 
Lee at Lexington; bu«- ';.■> 
distinctive feature is its 
ensemble of American- 
Indian Archaeology, con- 
taining burial mounds and 
other works, which is sec- 
ond only to the collection 
in the Smithsonian In- 
stitute at Washington. valentine museum 









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j 

■ 


SiSfef. 




& 





Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 



i5 




VALhM INE STUDIO 



Valentine Studio 
To the true lover of art 
the studio of Edward V. 
Valentine, sculptor, at 807 
E. Leigh street, will prove 
intensel} interesting. It 
maybe mo:t conveniently 
reached from Clay and 
Ninth streets, after passing 
the Valentine Museum by 
turning one block to the 
right and half a block to the left on Leigh street. Mr. Valentine 
designed the recumbent statue of General Lee, at Lexington, the 
Lee statue in the Statuary Hall at Washington, that of Thomas 
Jefferson, in the Jefferson Hotel, and the figures upon the Davis 
monument on Monument avenue in this city, besides many other 
notable effigies of real, mythological, and fancy characters, and his 
studio is a rich repository of famous models. 

John Marshall House, Ninth and Marshall streets. 

Inscription ; 

The residence of John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States. Bom 
1758. 'Vied here /S35. Placed by the Association for the Preservation of 
Virginia Antiquities, J907. 



St. Paul's Church, 
Grace and Ninth streets. 

Peuu No. 63. President 
Jefferson Davis. 1S61-1S63 . 

Davis Memorial Win- 
dow. Davis Tablet. 

Peiv No. in. General 
Robert Edward Lee, 1S61- 
1865. 

Lee Memorial Win- 
dow. J^ee Tablet. 




JOHN MARSHALL RESIDENCE 



i6 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 



Rotunda: Capitol Build- 
ing, Houdon's Statue of 
Washington. 

George Washington. 
The General Assembly of 
the Commonwealth of Virginia 
have caused this statue to be 
erected as a monument of af- 
fection and gratitude to George 
Washington, who uniting to 
the endow men's of the hero 
the virtues of the patriot, and 
exercising both in establishing 
the liberties of his country, has 
rendered his name dear to his fellow-citizens and given the world an immortal 
axample of true glory . Done in the year of Christ, J/87, and in the year of 
the Commonwealth, the 12th. 

Busts in niches: 

La Fayette. 

This bust was voted on the ijth day of December, 1781 , by the General 
Assembly of the State of Virginia, to the honor of the Marquis de La Fayette, 
Major-General in the service of the United States of America, and late Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the army of the United States in Virginia, as a lasting mon- 
ument of his memory and their gratitude. 

Alar shall. Stuart. Fitzhu«h Lee. 




ST. PAUL S CHURCH 




CAf'I ["OL KUII Disn 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



17 




The State Library in the State 
Library Building, erected especially to 
protect and preserve the valuable collec- 
tion of old books, manuscripts, por- 
traits, maps, curios, etc., is regarded 
by visitors as one of the most instructive 
and interesting places in the city. An 
experienced and discriminating traveler 
has said of this library : "The collec- 
tions here are worth many miles of 
travel to see, were there not another 
thing in Richmond." 

Washington Monument Capitol 



lOUDON'S STATUE OF WASHINGTON 

Square. (On pedestal of equestrian figure.) 
Washington. 

(On effigies surrounding equestrian figure) 
Lewis, Henry, Mason, Jefferson, Nelson, Marshall. 




STATE LIBRARY BUILDING 



18 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Todav 




WASHINGTON MONUMENT 



(On allegorical figures under each effigy, in previous sequence, 
beginning with Lewis, subjects typified and names of battles.) 

Colonial Times — V alley Forge. Point Pleasant. Revolution— Trenton. 
Eutaiv Springs. Bill of %ights— Bunker Hill. Guilford Court House. In- 
dependence— Princeton. Kings Mountain. Finance— Yorhtotun. Sara'oga. 
Justice — Great Bridge. Stony Point. 

Although the present Gubernatorial Mansion is not pretentious., 
the "Governor's House" 
which preceded it was 
more modest being a mod- 
erate- sized wooden build- 
ing which accorded with 
the simplicity of earlier 
days and met the require- 
ments of its occupants 
from Henry and Jefferson 
down to Monroe and 
Pase. governor's mansion 




Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



IQ 





CLAY STATUE JACK.SON STATUE 

Clay Statue, Capitol Square. 
Inscription : Henry Clay. 

Though born in HanoverCounty, Virginia, in early life Clay moved 

to Kentucky, and is generally spoken of as the great Kentuckian. 

Jackson Statue, Capitol Square. 

Presented by English gentlemen as a tribute of admiration for the soldier 
and patriot, T. J. Jackson, and gratefully accepted by Virginia in the name of the 
Southern people. Done A. D, l8jj, in the hundredth year of the Commonwealth. 

"Look, there is Jackson standing like & stone wall." 





MCGUIRE STATUE 



SMITH STATUE 



20 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 




E RESIDENCE 



McGuire Statue. Capitol 
Square. 

Humer Holmes McGuire M. D. 
I.. I.. D. 

President of the American Medi- 
cal Association and the American 
Surgical Association. Founder cf the 
University College of Medicine; 
Medical Director Jackson's Corps, 
Army Not titer n Virginia. * 

Smith Statue. Capitol 
Square. 

William Smith Virginia. 

"Born September 6, 1797 ■ Died 
May '8, 1SH7. 

1X36-40, IS4J-42, Member oj 
Virginia Senate. 



1846-4.0, Governor of Virginia. 

1841-43 , 1833-61, Member of United States Congress. 

1861-62, Member of Confederate States Congress. 

1861-62, CAonel 4Qth Virginia Volunteers. 

1S62-63, A Brigadier-General Confederate States Army. 

1863-64, Major-General, Confederate States Army. 

1864-6}, Governor of Virginia. * * 

Lee Residence, 707 East Franklin street; now the home- of the 
Virginia Historical Society. 

Tablet : 

The residence of General Robert E. 
Lee, 1X61-1863. 

The Virginia Historical Sociri 
has a most important mission in 
collecting, preserving and publish- 
ing Virginia history. It has an 
invaluable collection of books, 
manuscripts, relics, etc. 

Gamble's Hill. Southern end 
of Third street overlooking the 
Tredegar Iron Works where 
ordnance was manufactured, and 




R-ONZE CROSS, GAMBLE S HII.L 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 



2t 



Belle Isle, the site of a prison en- 
campment during the war be- 
tween the States, is marked by a 
cross inscribed : 

Captain Christopher Nenvport, John 
Smith, Gabriel Archer, Honorable George 
Percy, ivith gentlemen, marine!, soldiers 
to the number of fiveuty-oue, explored 
James River to the jails and setup a cross, 
Whit-Sunday, June /o, 1607. This monu- 
ment is presented to the City of Richmond 
by the Association for the Preservation of 
Virginia Antiquities, June /O, 1QOJ. 

Dei Gratia Virginia Condita. 

Jefferson Statue, Jefferson Ho- 
tel, Franklin and Jefferson street. 
Thomas Jefferson. 

Author of the Declaration of Independence; of the Statute of Virginia for religious 
freedom. Founder of the University of Virginia. Vice-President of the United States 
of America, IJQ7-1801 . Third President of the United States of America, iSor- 
f8oj. 1805-180Q. 




THOMAS JEFFERSON 




MONROE PARK, FRANKLIN, MAIN, BEI.VIDERE AND LAUREL STREET?; 



22 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 




\\ 1L M:.-\M STATUE 



Born at Shadnvell in the County of 
Albemarle, Virginia, April fj, 1743. 
DieJ at Montice/lo, Virginia, July 4, 
1826. Governor of Virginia, I77Q- 
1781. 

Wickham Statue. Monroe 
Park. 

Soldier, Statesman, Patriot, Friend. 

Presented to the City of Richmond 
by comrades in the Confederate army, 
and employees of the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Railway Company. 

William Carter Wick 

September 21, 1820. July 23, 18S3. 

Bryan Statue. Monroe Park. 

To exalted citizenship in the private ivalks of life as illustrated by the caret r oj 
Joseph Bryan, this statue is dedicated by the people of Richmond. The character of 
the citizen is the strength of the State. 

Horn at Eagle Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, August 13, 1845. Died at 
Laburnum, Henrico County, Virginia, November 20, 1908, 

Howitzer Statue. Park Avenue and Harrison Streets. 

To the memory, the deeds and services oj the Richmond Howitzers of tin / 

61-1865. 

Stuait Monument, Monument 
Avenue and Lombardy Street. 

Major-General J. E. B. Stuart, Com- 
manding Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern 
Virginia, Confederate States of America. 

This statue, erected by his comrades 
and the City of Richmond, A. D. 190 , 
" His countrymen yet mourn his loss and 
cherish his memory. To his comrades in 
arms he has left the proud recollection of 
his deeds and the inspiring influence of his 
example.'"'' General Robert E. Lee an- 
nouncing the death of General Stuart to 
his army, May 26, 1864. 

Born Patrick County, Virginia, April 
Died in Richmond, Virginia, 
May 12, 1864, aged thirty-one years. 
Critically --founded in the battle of Yellow BRYAN STATUE 




Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



23 



Tavern, May 11, 1S64, he gave his life 
for his country, and saved this city from 
capture. 

''''Tell General Stuart to act on his 
o--vn judgment and do what he thinks hest. 
I have implicit confidence in him. " Gen- 
eral "T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson in turning 
over the command of his troops to General 
Stuart after being -wounded at Ckancellors- 
vi/le, May 3, 1S63. 

Stuart Monument is at the 
western end of Franklin street, 
the beginning of Monument ave- 
nue and the intersection of Lom- 
bard)' street the eastern border of 
howitzer monument Lee District. This district, a 

square mile in area, was twenty years ago practically an old field, but 
its dedication, and that of its principal avenue as a monumental way, 
destined it to be a fashionable quarter of the city, and Monument 
avenue one of the most noted Boulevards in America. 





TUART MONUMENT 



_ j. Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today. 





i 



mriM-n^ftr r : 



LEE CIRCLE, MONUMENT »VKWiib 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 25 




DAVIS MONUMENT 



Davis Monument. Monument and Davis Avenues. 

Jefferson Davis, an exponent oj the Constitutional principles. Defender oj the 
rights of States. Crescit occulto <velut arbor (Fro jama. 

' 'Not in hostility to others, not to injure any other section oj the country, not even 
for our own pecuniary benefit, but from the high and solemn motive of defending 
and protecting rights ice inherited and which it is our duty to transmit unshorn to 
our children." Jefferson Davis in U. S. Senate, January 21, 1861. * * * 

Erected by the people oj' the South in honor oj their great leader, commemmora- 
ting their love for the man, their reverence for his virtues, their gratitude for his 
services. * * * 

'The navy of the Confederate States. Giving new examples of heroism, teaching 
new methods of warfare, it carried the flag of the South to the most distant seas.* * * 

The army of the Confederate States from Sumpter to Appomattox. Four years oj 
unflinching struggle against overwhelming odds. * * * 

After passing the Davis Monument three hlocks and turning to 
the left on the Boulevard which leads to Byrd Park, just before 
reaching the Soldiers' Home, is the site selected for the Confederate 
Memorial Institute, popularly spoken of as the Battle Abbey. This 
institution to be established by the Confederate Memorial Association, 
will serve more than ever to make Richmond the Mecca of the South. 



26 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




SOLDIERS HOME, GROVE AVENUE AND THE BOULEVARD 




OYRD PARK, THE BOULEVARD AND BEVERLY STREET 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



27 




CONFEDERATE MONUMENT 



Confederate Monument, Hollywood, South Cherry Street. 
Erected by the Hollywood Memorial Association 7S69. 
Numimi et Patrice Asto 
Memoria in Aetei 1 ., 




MONROE S TOM 




28 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 



Monroe Tomb, Hollywood. 

James Monroe. 

Born Westmoreland County, 2Sth of 
April, 1758. 

Die J in the City of Ne<w York, 4th 
of July, 1831. 

By order of the dent nil Assembly his 
remains nuere removed to this cemetery 
5th of July, 185$, as an evidence of affec- 
tion of Virginia for her good and honored 
son. 

Tyler's Grave, Hollywood. 

John Tyler. 

President of the United States from 
1841 to 1845. 

Born in Charles City County, Virginia, 
March 29, 1790. Died Richmond. Vir- 
ginia, January 17, 1862. 

Maury's Grave, Hollywood. 

Maury. — In memory of Matthew Fontaine Maury — Born in Spottsyl<vania 
County, Virginia, January 14, 1806. — Died in Lexington, Virginia, February 
/, 1873. — "All is ivell." — Entered the navy of the United States 1825; that 
of the Confederate States /86/. — Author of Maury's Sailing Directions, and 
The Physical Geography of the Sea. 




MAURI 'S GRAVE 




DAVIS SECTION, HOLLYWOOD 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 



29 



Statue of President Davis, and Winnie Davis, Daughter of the 
Confederacy, Hollywood. 

Jefferson Davis. At Rest. 

An American Soldier and defender of the Constitution. 

'Born in Christian County, Kentucky, June j>, 1808. Did at New 
Orleans, Louisiana, December 6, l88g. 

West Point Class, 1828. Member of the House of Representatives from 
Mississippi, 1845-/846. Colonel First Mississippi Rifles Mexican War, /S46- 
1847 . Brigadier-General United States Army , May 17, 1847. United States 
Senate, 1847-/851. Secretary of War, /85J-/857. United States Senate, 
/S57-/86/ . President of the Confederate States, 186/-/865. 

Near the Davis section a simple shaft on granite base markes 

the grave of Major-General Fitzhugh Lee, bearing the following 

insciption : 

Fitzhugh Lee of Virginia. — November, iSjj. — April, /905. — Faithful 
unto death. — Major-General C. S. A., 1862-1865. — Commanding Cavalry 
Corps, A. N. V., 1864-1865 . — Governor of Virginia, l886-l8go. — Consul 
General to Cuba, i8q6-i8q8 — Major-General Commanding 7th Army Corps, 
U. S. V., 189S.— Brigadier-General, U. S. A.— Retired 1901. 

Hollywood concludes the itinerary suggested as affording some 
conception of the city's historic interest, but many other points have 
been omitted which the antiquarian or student of history would 
think well worthy of attention. Shockoe Hill, Oakwocd and other 





A. P. HILL MONUMENT 



STUART MONUMENT, YELLOW TAVERN 



3o 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



places of sepulture contain the remains of a number of distinguished 
patriots and soldiers. 

Beyond, and north of the city limits, is A. P. Hill's monument, 
a little further on is the shaft at Yellow Tavern which marks the spot 
where Stuart fell, and to the east of the city the National Ceme- 
teries, will well repay a pilgrimage on the part of those who can 
afford the time. A more extended tour would include within a 
short radius sites of the battles of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks, AJechan- 
icsville and Gaines' Mill, the First and Second Cold Harbor, Sav- 
ages' Station, Frazier's Farm, and other notable conflicts, until 
Malvern Hill, near James river is reached. Beyond and south of 
the James many other battles occured, notably that of the Crater 
and others near Petersburg. 

A trip down the river to Hampton Roads, where the Merrimac 
and Monitor, the first ironclads, fought, abounds with points of 
interest from the settlement of Jamestown to the war between the 
States. 




NATIONAL C'hMhrtK* 



Richmond. Virginia — Yesterday and Today 31 






7? 



Mr 7\ 




The Body Politic 



The administration of the affairs of Richmond will bear favor- 
able comparison with that of any city in the Union, bavin- been 
most efficient and successful from a business standpoint, and in 
results accomplished for the public good. The attitude of the Ex- 
ecutive, the Mayor; its Council, composed of two branches; the 
heads of its various departments; its Committees, Commissions and 
Boards, is conservative but at the same time progressive. 



32 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




MAIN STREET, LOOKING EAST 



Public Improvements and Utilities 

The streets, parks, public buildings, municipal utilities, and 
other evidences of civic betterment, present a most favorable and 
satisfactory showing. 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 33 




BROAD STREET, LOOKING \\ 

Main and Broad, the principal business thoroughfares, and Mon- 
ument Avenue, Franklin and Grace streets, the most fashionable 
residential streets, the three latter beautifully shaded, are well 
graded, paved and handsomely budt up, while the rest of the city is 
proportionately improved and attractive. 

The Capitol Square, a park of ten acres in the center of Rich- 
mond, is the property of 
the State, but is a valu- 
able addition to and ease- 
ment of the City — full of 
interest and beauty. 

Chimborazo, Wil- 
liam Byrd, Marshall, 
Taylor's Hill, Gam- 
ble's Hill, Monroe, 
Jefferson, and Joseph 
Bryan, (the latter north 
of Richmond ) are the mr. f. r. scott's residence 




34 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




MONUMENT AVENUE 

principal city parks, and have a combined area of 641/^ acres. 
These parks are well distributed and are most interesting and 
attractive resorts for strangers, as well as to the citizens of Rich- 
mond. In addition to those mentioned, LAKESIDE and FOREST 
Hill parks, beyond the corporate limits with its other environ- 
ments, lend a great charm 
to the city. All are reached 
conveniently by the elec- 
tric cars. 

The City Hall, built 
of Virginia granite, is a 
splendid structure which 
cost, with its equipment, 
$1,657,000.00. The John 
.Marshall High School, re- 
cently completed at an 
expense of $575,000.00 M r. < ; g valentine's kimdmu 




Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 35 






LAKESIDE PARK 



on the same square as the residence of Chief Justice John Marshall, 

is a very handsome and commodius building, and admirably suited 

to its purpose. 

The Water Works and the Gas Works, municipally owned, 

have been successfully operated for over fifty years, and these with 

its recently constructed 
electric light and power 
plant, are some of the 
city's most valuable pos- 
sessions. 

These properties could 
be readily disposed of at 
much higher figures than 
their estimated values, but 
the city consistantly ad- 
heres to the policy of mu- 
nicipal ownership. 




Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




FOREST Hll.L PARK 



The City Ledger 



The property owned by the citj is valued at $22,135,845 00 
The city's total liabilities amount to .... 1 _'. 349.458 00 



Excess of it- assets over its liabilities is . . $ 9,786,387 00 



But in addition to the city's assets referred to above, worth 
more than $22,000, 000. 00. large outlays not included in those 
figures have been made for improvements of the most valuable 
character; such, for instance, as over $2,250,000.00 for streel and 
alley improvements during the last two decades, with liberal 
appropriations made For repairs, and For maintenance upon a high 
standard. The animal budget during the same period has 
increased from $1,331,625.00 in [892 to $3,350,382.00 in [912, 
and vet the nel splvencj of the city has increased while the per 
capita debl of its citizens has decreased. 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 37 

Taxable Values 

The present financial condition of the municipality, which is 
the best in its history, is but a reflex of the individual prosperity 
of its citizens. 

The total property values based on State assessment recently 
completed are : 

Real Estate $141,912,057 00 

Personal Property 68,838,858 00 

Total $210,750,915 00 

The tax rate for all purposes is based upon j^ per cent, of the 
market value of real estate, and the market value of personal 
pr< iperty. 

The city rate is on each $100.00 of the assessed value, $1 40 
The State rate is on each $100.00 of the assessed value, 35 

Making the total tax rate for all purposes on each 

$ico.oo of the assessed value $1.75 




FALLS OF JAMES RIVER 



38 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




LEAF TOBACCO SALE 

Business Interests 

Water Power and Water Transportation 

Occupying both banks of the James, where the falls of the river 
meet the tides of the sea, Richmond enjoys the advantages of both 
water power and water transportation — basic features — one in con- 
nection with the problem of production, and the other with that of 
distribution. These great resources had a most important bearing 



: M M Wjjfl i iW I if l 'IIIHI 




NEW WAREHOUSES AMERICAN TOBACCO CO. SOUTH RICHMOND 



Richmond \ hjoivt* -Yp«;tk«day and Today 



39 




INTERIOR LARUS BROS. & CO.'S TOBACCO FACTORY 



on the earlier growth of Richmond, but are far from being utilized 
as fully as they should be at the present time. 

That its water power (in part electrically developed immediately 
at Richmond, to the best advantage under existing conditions; 
is not more fully and effectively used, is largely due to the fact 
that in years gone by the city, as a manufacturing centre, en- 
joyed exceptional advantages in fuel for power purposes, drawn 
from the coalfields near Richmond. 

That the waterborne commerce of the city has not grown com- 
mensurately with its growth in other respects, is due to causes 
affecting it during recent years, which are common to many other 
cities of the country similarly situated. 

Plans are, however, being most earnestly considered which may 
give to these industrial and commercial assets of the locality their 
full force and value in hereafter contributing to the material pro- 
gress of the community. 



4 o 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 







TREDEGAR IKON WORKS 

Natural Resources 

The location of Richmond, geographically, is most favorable for 
assembling raw materials from a wide extent of territory to the 
north, south and west, in addition to those supplied from the 
farms, forests and mines of Virginia itself, whose resources of this 
character are both rich and varied. 

The principal agricultural product of the State, besides the 
staple crops of corn, wheat, oats and other cereals, is tobacco. 
But it also produces the finest of vegetables and fruits, some of 
which are peculiar to its soil. Its timber resources and its fisheries 
are likewise most valuable. 

An excellent display of the agricultural products of Virginia is 
to be seen in the old hall of the House of Delegates, Capitol 
Building, installed by the State Agricultural Department ; and a 
splendid exhibit of the mineral and forest products of the State has 
been recently established on the lower floor of the new w'ng of 
the State Library Building. 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 41 




BELLE ISLE — OLD DOMINION IRUN AM) NAI 



There may also be seen at the annual meeting of the Vir- 
ginia State Fair Association a varied and extensive display of agri- 
cultural and country products of every description. 

No question more deeply concerns the city from a material 




AMtRICAN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS 



42 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




ALBEMARLE PAPER MANUFACTURING CO 



RICHMOND PAPER MAM FACTURING CO. 





STANDARD PAPER MANUFACTURING CO. 



as well as a sentimental 
standpoint than that of 
fostering close and cordial 
social and business rela- 
tions between its differ- 
ent sections, especially 
between the capitol of 
the Commonwealth and 
its agricultural regions. 
The organization of the 
Virginia State Fair Asso- 
ciation is proving a factor 
of paramount importance 
in the accomplishment of 
that purpose, and in en- 
couraging exhibits of agri- 
cultural products, machin- 
ery and other articles of 
profitable exchange be- 
tween the manufacturing, 
commercial and agricul- 
tural classes. 

Manufacturing 
Interests 

These resources and 
theopportunities theypre- 
sented have given Rich- 
mond prominence along 
certain lines in the field 
of industry, as illustrated, 
for instance, by the to- 
bacco factories making 
plug and smoking tobacco. 



Richmond, Virginia — Yestepday and Today 



43 




ONE OF THE PLANTS OF THE VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL CO. 



cigars, cheroots and cigarettes, which have a world-wide reputation; 
also the Richmond Branch of the American Locomotive Companj , 
the Tredegar Company, the Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works, 
the numerous and large plants of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical 
Company, the Richmond Guano Company, the Richmond Cedar 




RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS 



Works, the several paper mills, the Southern Manufacturing Com- 
pany, the flouring mills, and other plants which might he mentioned 
if space permitted. 

But besides these and other leading establishments, a large num- 
ber and variety of industries are located here, as may be seen from 
the following table: 




RICHMOND GUANO COMPANY 



44 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



Statistics of Manufactures, 19 12 



Description of Industry 



No. ol 
lants 



No. ol 

Hand;- 



Automobiles, bicycles, locks and 

gunsmil lis 35 

Bakers, confectioners, chewing 

gum 209 

Beer bottling, liquors, mineral 

waters, ice 27 

Blacksmithing and wheelwrighting 53 
Boots ami slnics, manufacturing 

and repairing 163 

Boxes, barrels, paper, twine bags •'!! 
Bricks, granite, tile, marble, stone 34 1,223 
Carpentering, contractors, builders, 

plastering I 17 

( larriages, wagons, carts '■'>■'< 

Clothing, men's merchant tailors, 

shirts 76 

Clothing, women's dressmaking, 

millinery 1 75 

Dairj products, pickles, vinegar.. 24 

l)\ eing and cleaning 59 

1 )rugs, medicine, perfumery *7 

Electrical, typewriters, wiremakers '■'<'> 
Fertilizers, chemicals, cement, 

lime, grease, tallow, roofing, 

florists. :S7 

Flour, cornmeal, yeasl powders, 

flavorings, blueing 15 

Foundry, machine --I i < > | >~. agricul- 

t ura I implements 38 

Furniture, mattresses, upholstery, 

]iict ure frames, a w n i n n s, 

cabinetmakers 

Jewelers, hair works, photographj 

Lumber, sash, doors, blinds 

Packers, curers, butchers 

Painters, varnish, paperhanging, 

mica 

Plumbing, gas, steam fitting, tin, 

coppersmith, sheet iron 17 1 

Print ing and publishing, book, job, 

bookbinding, blankbooks, litho- 

gra phy, engraving 

Saddlery, harness, bides, leathei 
Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, che 

roots 

Tobacco, smoking, chewing, re- 



60 

4.") 

■SA 

130 

59 



63 



180 

447 



146 

II I 



1.4:52 
1,947 



1,021 

2!>7 

395 

341 
L59 
•H 
310 
415 



(I.., 

378 
190 



■ \.rl 
,625 
590 

159 

130 



1,628 
45] 



prising 

Woodenware, willowware, trunk-. 
brooms, brushes 



1,985 
3.975 



17 

I 1 1 .255 
1,919 32,577 



Capital 
Employed 



!U. sun s 
130,007 

981,210 
342,100 

820,005 
960,250 
790,100 

1,105,000 
325,150 

387,200 

281,210 
247,250 
35,150 
77D. KM) 
235,050 



5. I'.H l.(M)l) 

695,750 
0,615,200 

380,000 
376,150 
550,000 

601 .lino 

48,000 
375,100 

2,975,000 
638,100 

2,985,000 

3,998,000 

2,461,000 

$36,004,942 $] 



Annual 
Sales 



792,130 



1,409 

2.t) ( .)7 
95 I 

4,502 
4,573 
2,856 

4.7)1)1 
652 

937 

H77 

659 

7S 

2,990 

1,100 



200 

117 

120 
300 
150 

Kill 
225 

250 

150 
900 
650 
750 
250 



9,9S0,100 

7,325,150 

10,800,210 

S75,100 

87 1,000 

2.785.250 

3,500,225 

115,250 

2,575,150 

1,450,000 
2,509,1 10 

6,975,000 
L5,950,000 

2,450,000 
01.209,493 



kichmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



45 




THKEK RAILWAY CROSSING 



Commercial Advantages and Transportation Facilities 

Next in importance to its industrial resources are the com- 
mercial advantages which Richmond enjoys, both from nature 
and from those instrumentalities of commerce created by human 
intelligence and energy. 

Water Transportation 

James River is navigable and is a tidal stream from Richmond 
to the sea. In addition to its commerce in sailing vessels, barges 
and other craft, the Furman Line operates a steamer from Rich- 
mond, via City Point, up the Appomattox River to Petersburg, and 
two steamboat companies, the Old Dominion and the Virginia 
Navigation Company, as well as the rail lines, connect at Norfolk 
and Newport News with coast-wise and ocean-going vessels, afford- 
ing the unrestricted advantages of the Atlantic Seaboard close at 
hand and transportation facililties to all parts of the world. 



46 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




Railway Facilities and 
Connections 

Its strategic position as a gate- 
way to the South enables Rich- 
mond to command a large trade 
with that section, and to engage 
in extensive commercial trans- 
actions in exchanging its own 
products and the products and 
commodities of the South with 
souiHtMN ur.foi those of the North, Northwest 

and West. The Chesapeake & Ohio, the Norfolk & Western, 
the Southern, the Seaboard Air Line, the Atlantic Coast Line and 
the Richmond-Washington Air 
Line, the latter making close con- 
nection at Washington with the 
Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
& Ohio systems, afford excep- 
tional shipping facilities for 
reaching a vast territory. The 
favorable rates enjoyedover these 
extensive systems by the mer- 
chants of Richmond are largely 
due to the actual and potential influence of its water transportation 

Wholesale Business 




MAIN STREhT DtPOT 




KYKI) ? I Kh.h i DKI'O' 



As a result of its transportation 
advantages, Richmond has a job- 
bing trade only second in volume 
and value to its manufacturing in- 
terests, as will appear from the fol- 
lowing table of the business done 
in the leading lines of its whole- 
sale trade : 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 47 




CARY STREET — CONGESTED WHOLESALE DISTRICT 



.inl'.l'.INi; TRADE, 1912. 



( 'lass. Artici i: or Kind. 

Capital in Annual 

Business. Sale-. 
Groceries, confectioneries, liquors, cigars and 

tobacco $ 3,275,000 $21,100,000 

Provisions 1,998,000 14,600,100 

Boots and shoes 1 .700,000 8,055,450 

Dry goods and notions 1,330,000 5,350,000 

Coal, wood, hay, seeds, mir-e.v 978,000 5,150,700 

Drugs, licorice, flavorings . . .' 655,000 3,100,000 

Hardware, agricultural implements 575,000 3,000,250 

Railway, mill, plumbing supplies 566,000 4,115,< 

Hats. cap-, clothing, millinery, straw goods 368,000 1,925,000 

Sewing machines, typewriters, electrical, bicycle? 

automobiles, sporting and rubber goods. . . . 395,000 2,975,000 

Oils, paint, varnish, glass 338,300 L,850,000 

Leather, hide-, saddlery, tanbark 280,000 2,000,100 

Stoves, tin. china, earthenware 310,000 1,465,000 

Books, stationery, papers 337,000 1,650,000 

Furniture, carpets upholstery ISO. mm 985,250 

Pianos, organs, musical instruments 350,000 975,800 

Totals $13,635,1 $78,297,750 



Richmond, Virginia— Yfsterday and Today 




Its wholesale establishments, ware- 
houses and yards handling groceries, 
provisions, dry goods, boots and shoes, 
hats and caps, hardware, agricultural 
implements, leaf tobacco, lumber and 
other staple articles, are too numerous 
a;iJ extensive to be satisfactorily illus- 
trated within the limits of this publi- 
cition, but individually and collectively 
they are representative of one of the 
?J most important commercial centers in 
chamber of commerce building, the South, and the trade of Richmond is 

MAIN AND 9TH STREETS 

erected 1893— razed 191 1 yearly expanding in almost all directions. 

Rapid Transit 

Business and social intercourse is greatly facilitated by the ex- 
cellent electric railway systems at Richmond, which are extensive 
and render most excellent service. The Virginia Railway & Power 
Company has i i8t m o 3 o miles of track, which afford facilities for reaching 
almost all quarters of the city; and by an interurban line it reaches 
Petersburg, 23 miles to the south. The Richmond & Chesapeake 
Bay Electric Railway, projected originally to penetrate the 
Northern Neck of Virginia, operates a line to Ashland, 16 miles 
distant. And the Richmond & Henrico Railway, a line recently 
completed, now operates its cars over %Y\ miles of track, and is 
contemplating important extensions. The equipment of all these 
lines is first-class, the schedules are quick, and the system of trans- 
fers at junction points is extensive, enabling the public to reach 
most places in the city, and many of its suburbs, economically and 
conveniently. The Norfolk & Portsmouth Traction Company, 
operating 14O1V,, miles of track, has been recently consolidated 
with the Virginia Railway & Power Company, and this most 
important merger will probably lead ultimately to an interurban 
trolley line between Richmond and Norfolk. 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



49 



i\ 

it 



i 







i 



BJi 



23 33 








Hi Wti 


Tllp 


If Si 


.Urn 


■9 jj| tt f. 


» -* * 


H II I 


■• *, I 





. — V 



30C 









The building of the First National Bank Building Corporation erected 
upon the site formerly occupied by the Chamber of Commerce Building. The 
home of the First National Bank, the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway and the 
Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad. 



50 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and i oda/ 




VIEW OF RICHMOND FROM NORTHERN SUBURBS 



Retail Trade 



The retail establishments of Richmond will compare favorably 
with those of any city of her size 
in the country. Broad Street, 
one of its principal shopping thor- 
roughfares, is lined with a num- 
ber of emporiums which have only 
to be seen 'to fully substantiate 
this claim. The people of the 
community as a rule demand a 
superior quality of goods, which 
fact has encouraged a high class 
of merchandising. From the sur- 
rounding country there comes a 
lar<^e mail order business. mutual building 




Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



5i 



Financial Institutions 



Of course a given volume of business calls for corresponding 
banking facilities, and Richmond possesses not only sufficient bank- 
ing institutions and capital to afford liberal accomodation to all 
meritorious local demands, but it is fast establishing such financial 
relations with outside territory, especially southern business centers, 
as to cement and augment the extensive commercial relations 
already existing. Attention is invited to the subjoined statement 
in reference to the Banks and Trust Companies of the city. 

Condensed Statement of Richmond Banks February 4, 1913. 
Com I'ir. Hi) By W. P. Shelton. 

ASSETS: 

Loans and Cash and Total Due from Total 

Investments. C. II. Exchange. Banks, etc. Assets. 

First National $10,244,900 31 $ S00,307 33 $1,817,582 51 $1S,S02,910 15 

Planters National 0,703,1,79 10 570,750 55 1,074,801 97 S,40S,737 OS 

Merchants National .... 6,005,303 10 449,857 70 1,204.494 09 S, 259,71.". 04 

American National .... 6,597,488 83 l:',7.ssr, 89 S15.4o.-j s:s 7,s.~,o,77S 55 

National State and City 6,023,200 s7 472,786 53 735,014 49 7,231,001 89 

Virginia Trust Co 2,234,705 98 16,197 18 8S8.044 47 3,139,547 63 

Union Bank of Richmond 2.075,270 07 3,254 31 14,822 49 2,093,352 87 

Broad Street Bank .... 1,730,636 04 84,333 41 53,245 22 1, SOS. 214 07 

Savings Bk. of Richmond 1,711,802 71 14.224 79 70,531 S4 1,S02,559 34 

Bk. of Commerce & Trusts 1,301.302 22 23,781 88 168,665 47 1,493,749 57 

Richmond Trust & Savings Too. 477 42 1,235 04 576,887 14 1,287.599 00 

Commonwealth Bank ... 1.110,540 13 41,560 94 86,467 24 1,244,574 31 

Central National 900.317 27 79,556 25 39.362 00 1,079,236 IS 

Mechanics and Merchants 844,716 30 33,595 68 34,848 24 913,100 22 

Richmond Bk. & Trust Co. 729,82c, 52 1S.113 11 67,156 25 815,095 ss 

Church Hill Bank 524.392 08 17.4S7 48 122.4ir> !i4 664,295 50 

Manchester National 529,225 01 31,665 55 36,301 13 597,192 29 

Main Street Bank 504,125 84 14,310 54 30,772 09 555,209 07 

West End Bank 213,113 43 7.075 35 12.24s 17 233,036 95 

Totals $57,419,655 98 $3,118,645 57 $7,861,665 84 $68,399,967 39 

LIABILITIES: Circulation, Bond 
Account 

Surplus and Total and other Total 

Capital, Profits. Deposits. Liabilities. Liabilities. 

First National. ..$2.0oo,ooo $1,233,882 2o $12.c,20,725 05 $3.oo2.3<">2 90 $1S. 802,910 15 

Planters National 300,000 1,467,764 55 6,244,873 13 396,100 00 8,408,737 68 

Merchants Nat'l. 200.000 1,237,016 34 6,627,698 70 195,000 00 8,259,715 04 

American National 1,000, 183,693 19 t,988,085,36 1.179,000 00 7.850.77s •",:. 

Nat'l State & City 1. 000,1100 782,040 7:> 4,950,563 60 498,397 50 7,231,001 89 

Virginia Trust Co. 1, ), 181,342 66 1,450,704 97 507,5 1 3.139.547 63 

Union Bk. of Rd. 219,750 530.804 95 1,267,797 92 75,001 2,093,352 s7 

Broad Street Bk. 200,000 127,878 tO 1,540,336 27 1,868,214 67 

Savings Bank .. 200,000 240,287 s2 1,302.271 52 1,802,359 34 

Bk. at Com'ce & 

Trusts .... 250.000 147,951 39 1 ,053,603 18 12.195 00 1,493,749 .".7 

ltd Trust & Sgs. 585,800 24,964 06 262,635 54 414.2 1,287,599 60 

Commonw'lth Bk. 30C/000 47,:ill 83 777.202 48 120.00000 1,244,574 31 

Central National 350,000 53,271 63 585,964 53 '.10.0011 00 1,079,236 18 

Mech'cs & Mer'ts 100.000 122,052 91 691,107 31 913,160 22 

Rd. Bk & Trust 300,000 ir>.74:'. 72 474.352 16 25.000 00 815,095 ss 

Church Hill Bk. 72,720 14,484 74 524,810 76 52,280 00 664,295 50 

Manchester Natl. 150,000 20,807 44 282.609 85 143,775 00 597,192 29 

Main Street Bk. 192.100 22,051 07 281, 057 40 60.000 00 .-,.-,5.209 07 

West End Bank. 25. 1 21,190 42 180,846 53 233,036 95 

Totals. .. .$8,445,370 $6,974,540 71 $46,179,306 28 $6,800,750 10 $68,399,967 39 

Old Dominion Trust 

jusl organized 81. nun. 1 $1, ,01 



52 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




t I[Cf milium,, 

LI t L k 1 1 llllliiini 
II III 1 1 liiaiiino 

...H S ,.. ! j!ig! 




AMERICAN NATIONAL- BANK BUILDING 



In addition to the National 
Banks, the State Banks, and the 
Trust Companies of Richmond, 
there are a number of prominent 
private bankers and brokers doing 
a large business in investment and 
other securities. 

Life and Fire Insurance 
Companies 

The development of home in- 
surance companies in the South 
was a slow process for many years 
after the war, most of the old 
companies having been either wiped out of existence or sorely crip- 
pled by the vicissitudes of that period, and there being little local 
wealth then available for organizing such enterprises upon a basis 
to compete successfully with outside companies. But Richmond 
now has five home companies, three fire and two life, the com- 
bined income of which in 1910 amounted to $4,169,653.25. The 
figures with reference to the income of 
the foreign life and fire companies, re- 
ceived through their general offices lo- 
cated here are not available for last year, 
but based upon comparative figures of 
previous years, the income of those 
companies exceeds that of the home 
companies, approximately, iOO per cent. 

Building Operations 

A most significant indication of the 
progress of Richmond is afforded bj 
the record of its building operations. 
In the erection of office buildings and travelers insurance building 




Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 53 

other business structures, hotels, apartment houses, residences, 
places of amusement, etc., the greatest activity prevails, and all of 
this work, conducted under the supervision of the city's Building 
Inspector, is of a very substantial character. From the annual 
reports of that official, whose office was created August 1, 1907, 
building operations contracted for in the citv were: 

For the calendar year 1908 $3,169,431 00 

For the calendar year 1909 3,574,812 00 

For the calendar year 1910 4,012,822 00 

For the calendar year 191 1 6,018,699 00 

For the calendar year 1912 0,255,711 00 

The phenomenal increase in 191 1 and 1912 is all the more 
striking as each year since 1908, until 191 1, respectively, exceeded 
its preceding year nearly half a million. Of the entire building 
values of the city, taxable and non-taxable, it is conservatively 
estimated that 25 per cent, has been created in the past five years. 

The general progress and development during the last decade 
is indicated by the following summary : 

Per. Cent. For Cent, ol 

Subject. ¥ear 1912. Year 1911. of increase Year 1901 Inc. 10 

Last Year. Years. 

Population 132,04.- 129,291 2.13 93.239 38.64 

Taxable Values 148,768,790 1 44. 220. 063 3.15 71,581.855 101.48 

Telephones 16,165 14,504 11.45 2.2S3 535.30 

Strert Railways, miles 127.58-100 

Street Railways. Passengers .. 55,925,442 51,324,848 8.22 

Post Office Receipts 798,821 7:'.:;. 077 8.97 295.:: IT Its. 17 

Building Operations 6,255,711 0.018,099 3.94 

Manufactures. 

Number Industries 1,919 1.871 2.57 1,369 36.07 

capital Employed 36,004,942 35,354,595 1.84 23,969,613 47.50 

Number Hands Employed 32.577 32,326 0.7S 27.975 15,55 

Annual Sales L01, 209,493 95,707,640 5.75 55,958,105 71.03 

Jobbing Tradi . 

Capital in Business 13,635,300 13,481,550 1.73 10.2S5, 31. OS 

Annual Sales 78,297,750 71.15s.95n 5.16 41,373,000 79.97 

Banking. 

Bank Clearings 429.7s7.122 392,574,30] 9.48 198,091,536 98.11 

Rank Deposits 47,581,800 45,858,400 3.75 20,021,740 128.90 

Hank Leans and Discounts .... t7.s75.Hni 12,919,500 11.55 18.621,954 130.47 

Bank Capitol and Surplus .... 14.s42.loii 13,678,200 8.55 8,579,359 59.12 



54 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




RICHMOND COLLEGE 



Institutions Significant of Moral and 
Social Progress 

Thus far reference has been made to the history, government, 
business and material interests of the city. It remains to describe 
as briefly as possible those developments and institutions which 
are the expressions of the real hopes, aspirations, tastes and de- 
sires of the people — that have resulted from their voluntary efforts 
or the action of the government which represents them. 

Churches 

Richmond is pre-eminently a church-going, and church-loving 
community. The different denominations all have their faithful 
and ardent followers, but without bigotry or intolerance. On the 
contrary, respect for honest differences of religious belief is a 
marked characteristic of her people. 

In all there are 135 churches and 37 missions in Richmond, of 
which 91 churches and 21 missions are attended by white people, 
and 44 churches and 16 missions by the colored. 

St. John's Church, the First African, the Monumental and 
St. Paul's have already been referred to in the preceding itenerary to 
points of interest as object lessons in history; but each of the lead- 
ing denominations of Richmond had their old churches, with most 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 55 






a 1 i J 



FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 



SEVENTH STREET CHRISTIAN CHURCH 



interesting histories and traditions. These, however, on account 
of their location in what, though once a residential neighborhood, 
have given way to the expansion of the business center of the city, 
so that the congregations of nearly every persuasion here now wor- 
ship in more modern edifices, removed from the business center. 

The First Presbyterian, the oldest existing edifice of that de- 
nomination, first erected in 1852, is remarkable on account of its 
having been removed from its location at 10th and Capitol Streets 
and rebuilt of the identical material and in its original form, at 
Grace and Madison Streets, to afford an enlarged site for the 
present City Hall, completed in 1903. 

The Seventh Street Christian, Grace and 7th Streets; the 
Second Baptist Church, Franklin and Adams Streets; the Park 
Place Methodist, and the Sacred Heart (Catholic) Cathedral, 
both fronting Monroe Park; the Beth Ahabah Synagogue, Franklin 
and Ryland Streets; St. John's German Evangelical, Marshall and 
8th Streets, and the First English Evangelical-Lutheran Church, 
corner of Monument Avenue and Lombardy Street, are among 
the modern, or comparatively modern religious edifices, and are 
typical. 



56 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 

Largely supported 
by the churches, by 
charitably disposed in- 
dividuals, especially the 
good ladies of the city, 
and also liberally by the 
municipality and the 
medical profession , 
there are 15 hospitals 
in Richmond. These 
institutions provide 
treatment not only for local patients, but for a number brought from 
other parts of Virginia and neighboring States, the Richmond physi- 
cians and surgeons enjoying a wide and most favorable reputation. 
Supported in a manner simihr to the hospitals, there are 34 
eleemosynary institutions, caring tor the orphan, the aged, and 
those otherwise afflicted. 




SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH 



Educational Facilities and Advantages 

The public school system of Richmond is conducted along 
modern and progressive lines. Its attendance of nearly 20,000 for 
the session of 191 2- 191 3 was looked after by 532 teachers and 

officers. The curricu- 
lum of the elementary 
schools, while not ig- 
noring the old essen- 
tials of education 1 the 
three R's and kindred 
subjects) offers instruc- 
tion in manual train- 
ing, drawing, domestic 
science and music. The 
curriculum of the 1 [igh 
School is far-reaching 




Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 57 





PARK-PLACE METHODIST CHURCH 



ST. JOHNS GERMAN EVANG. CHURCH 



in its preparation of boys and girls for life, offering excellent 
courses for both sexes in the manual arts and business courses, 
as well as courses preparatory to college. 

The city owns 34 school buildings valued at $1,546,772.79, and 
equipped at a cost of $115,447.51. The new John Marshall High 
School, named after the great Chief Justice, with grounds, build- 
ing and equipment, cost $575,000.00. It is regarded as one of the 
best in the entire South. Its science department is unexcelled in 
any secondary school in the South. The City Council of Richmond 
is making ample provision for enlarged school facilities. Under 
instructions from the Council, the City School Board is planning 
and has constructed five elementary school buildings at a cost of 
$406,002.13 for white pupils, and one for colored pupils to cost 
$35,339.00. In addition, contracts are made for new schools 
amounting to $213,866.69. 

There are also in the city 36 private educational insti- 
tutions with a total enrollment of 6,042. Among its private 
institutions should be noted the Medical College of Vir- 
ginia, the Richmond College and Woman's College of Rich- 
mond, with a total enrollment of t,i82. 10 parochial schools 



5» 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 




with an enrollment of 
1,698, two business col- 
leges with an enrollment 
of 986; and 20 academic 
institutions with 2,176 
pupils. 

Richmond College, 
founded in 1832. has 
graduates in every State 
in the Union. Its stand- 

K1RST ENGLISH EVANGEI.ICAL-LUTHEKAN CHURCH ^Ll'ds iil'e lli'dl aild itS 

diplomas from either the academic or law departments are every- 
where regarded as guarantees of excellence. It is conducted by 
the Baptist denomination, hut is non-sectarian. This college has 
outgrown its present quarters. 

I he Woman's College, conducted under the same auspices, 
on account of its excellence enjoys so large a patronage from the 
South that a new and more commodious building will have to be 
provided. Both of these institutions will be removed to an exten- 
sive tract of land near Westhampton, west of the ciry, where with 
beautiful surroundings they will enjoy greatly increased facilities and 
advantages, many of which can be used in common. 

The Union Theological Seminary, the leading theological insti- 
tution of the Southern 
Presbyterian Church, is 
centrally located in Ginter 
Park, a most beautiful and 
attractive suburb of Rich- 
mond. The attendance at 
this institution is about as 
large as that of all the 
other theological semi- 
naries of this denomina- 
tion in the South. 




BETH AHABAH SYNAGUGUE 



Kichmomd, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 



59 





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The Virginia Mechan- 
ics Institute, founded in 
1854, 1S rendering assis- 
tance of inestimable value 
to ambitious young men 
who work for their living 
during the day and attend 
the night classes of the 
Institute. It is adding 
potential factors to the 

JOHN MARSHALL H.CH SCHOOL ^^ ^ industrial j n _ 

terests of the community. The Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion, in its new, commodious and well appointed home at Grace 
and Seventh Streets, is also rendering similar and most important 
educational services in its night school. 

In addition to the liberal provisions made in the public schools 
of Richmond for their instruction, there are two institutions specifi- 
cally designed for the higher education of the colored race: the Vir- 
ginia Union University, under the auspices of the American Bap- 
tist Home Missionary Society, and the Hartshorn Memorial Col- 
lege. 

Other Educational Factors 

Of interest to those engaged in educational work is the fact 
that the only large text 
book publishing house in 
the South (the B. F. 
Johnson Publishing Com- 
pany) is in Richmond. 
Beginning in a small way 
with the publication of a 
history and a set of school 
readers, the business has 
gradually grown until now 
the Company finds a vvm. f. fox school 




6o 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



steadily increasingdemand 
for its books from every 
part of the United States. 
Its list of authors and 
editors include many well- 
known educators. The 
work of making and pub- 
lishing the books of this 
company is done in Rich- 
mond, and gives employ- 

MEDICAL COLLEGE OF VIRGINIA mem to more tna n 200 

skilled laborers, the total number issued and sold during the last 
twelve months exceeding 1,500,000 copies. 




The Press of Richmond 

Of secular newspapers, Richmond has two morning dailies, The 
Times-Dispatch and The Tijchrnond Virginian, and two evening dailies, 
The News Leader and The 'Richmond Evening Journal. These jour- 
nals are most liberal in devoting the time and talent of their staff 
and space in their editorial and news columns to all matters pertain- 
ing to the welfare and progress of Richmond. 

In addition to the daily newspapers, there are 37 other pub- 
lications issued in Richmond, weekly, or at longer periods, devoted 
to religious, educational, commercial, professional, or other special 
interests. 

Art Associations 
For some years after 
the war circumstances 
were not conducive to 
any general development 
of artistic taste in Rich- 
mond. More prosaic and 
imperative demands, as a union theological seminary 




Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



61 




rule, absorbed the time 
and means of its people, 
but with improved condi- 
tions a much wider and 
more active interest is 
being felt. 

The Richmond Art 
Club, now modestly domi- 
ciled in an unpretentious 
old family residence, is, 
mechanics institute through its educational 

and social influence, promoting a healthy growth and interest in art, 
which promises more general culture of the talent and taste within 
the sphere of its influence. Individual examples of genius and 
high achievement, both with chisel and brush, are by no means 
lacking here; and a community which can lay claim to the nativity 
or career of a Valentine, an Ezelciel, a Sully, an Elder and a 
Sheppard, is evidently possessed of the artistic element. The 
mission of the Richmond Art Club is to cultivate this element, 
and afford better facilities and opportunities to home talent in Vir- 
ginia and neighboring States, as well as Richmond. Unendowed, 
and with resources as yet quite limited, it has already done much, 
and with the prosecution 
of its propaganda, the 
Club itself is destined to 
grow and prosper into an 
institution having a home 
and appointments com- 
mensurate with its aims 
and ideals. 

Among the musical 
organizations of Rich- 
mond, the Wednesday 




YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 



62 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 




Club is the largest. It 
has a chorus membership 
of about 300, and a sub- 
scribing membership of 
550. Its chief purposehas 
been choral work, and 
the result of the training 
received by the chorus 
has been a distinct im- 
provement in the musical 
art club taste of the community 

as evidenced by the good work of the choirs in the city churches 
and their adherence to elevated musical standards. At its annual 
festivals, which give universal satisfaction to music lovers, the 
work of the chorus has been augmented by the very best vocal 
artists and orchestras available. At its several festivals it has 
been fortunate in securing soloists of national reputation from 
the Metropolitan "Grand Opera Company and its orchestra, pro- 
bably the best in the country. 

One of the oldest musical societies in the country is the Gesang- 
verein Virginia, having been organized in 1852. On its roster 
appear many of the well known names of the early German families 
of prominence in Rich- 
mond. Taking an active 
part in all the " Sanger- 
fests," the Gesangverein, 
in 1873, held its first 
"Sangerfest," which was 
attended by singers of 
many Northern cities and 
proved to be a pronoun- 
ced success. It was dur- 
ing these years that the woman's club 



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Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 



63 




WESTMORELAND CLUB 



association reached its 
zenith in the production 
of the operas of " Der 
Freischiitz " and " Stra- 
della," which were ren- 
dered with such excel- 
lence as to induce a call 
for their reproduction by 
special request of the Gov- 
ernor of Virginia. 

The neighborhood of 
the old home of the Gcsangverein was so invaded by the rapid 
expansion of the business section of Richmond that it was found 
expedient to remove to temporary quarters for its weekly meetings, 
pending the acquisition of a new " Sanger Halle. " 

The Philharmonic Association is devoted more particularly to 
the presentation of instrumental music by amateur musicians of 
the community. It is doing excellent work, and occupies a sphere 
entirely different from that of the Wednesday Club and the 
Gesangverein-Virginia. The most harmonious relations exist be- 
tween these organizations. 

Historical and Other Patriotic Associations 

Richmond, consider- 
ing her size, enjoys more 
than the usual comple- 
ment of historical, liter- 
ary, military, civic, pro- 
fessional, social, fraternal, 
and other societies and or- 
ganizations. Space only 
permits the mention of a 
few of the most notable. 

The Association for commonwealth club 




64 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



1 


a 


... ----.- 




L _ t 11 » 1" 




* 



the Preservation of Vir- 
ginia Antiquities is doing 
a noble work in rescuing 
from oblivion Virginia's 
wealth in historic land- 
marks, emblems, etc. Un- 
der its protective owner- 
ship and care is the resi- 
dence of Chief Justice 
John Marshall in this city, 
jefferson club am j tne historic part of 

Jamestown Island is likewise its property and in its custody. 

The Virginia Historical Society, at 707 E. Franklin Street, the 
war residence of General Robert E. Lee, has a like mission in col- 
lecting, preserving and publishing Virginia history. It has in its 
library and its archives an invaluable collection of books, manu- 
scripts, etc. 

The R. E. Lee Camp No. 1 and George E. Pickett Camp are 
prominent Confederate Veteran organizations; the former, on 
East Broad Street, between 5th and 6th Streets, possesses a splen- 
did gallery of Confederate military heroes and patriots, and the 
organization owns (with a reversionary interest in the grounds and 
buildings to the State) 
and has charge of the 
Confederate Soldiers' 
Home on Grove Avenue. 
The active military or- 
ganizations are the Rich- 
mond Light Infantry 
Blues, the Richmond 
Howitzers and the First 
Virginia Regiment, all fa- 
mous Richmond com- country clu. 




Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 



6.S 




DEEP RUN HUNT CLUB 



mands, with records for 
honorable and gallant ser- 
vice. 

Social Clubs 
The clubs of the city 
are the Westmoreland, 
corner of Sixth and Grace 
Streets; the Woman's 
Club, 211 East Franklin 
Street; the Common- 
wealth Club, Franklin and Monroe Streets; the Jefferson, at Grace 
and Allen Avenue; the Business Men's Club, in the American 
National Bank Building; the Deep Run Hunt Club, at Rio Vista, 
and the Country Club of Virginia, at Westhampton — the last two 
not in the city, but essentially Richmond institutions. All of these 
are exponents of metropolitan development and afford excellent 
facilities for entertaining visitors. 

Hotels, Apartment Houses and Residences 

The principal hotels of Richmond are the Jefferson, the Rich- 
mond, Murphy's, the Lexington, Gilbert's, the Davis House, 
Rueger'sand Stumpf's. 
The first three are 
largely patronized by 
tourists as well as by 
the business element; 
the next three princi- 
pally by the business 
element; and the last 
two are stag hotels. 
All are well situated 
on prominent thor- 
oughfares with imme- jefferson hotel 




66 



Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 




diate street car connec- 
tions. Their combined 
capacity will accommo- 
date about three thousand 
guests. 

The apartment house 
is a comparatively new de- 
velopment in this city, but 
there are some twenty- 
nine, all well located. The 
Chesterfield, Franklin and 
Shafer Streets; Gresham Court, 1030 W. Franklin Street, and 
The Shenandoah, Allen Avenue, between Grace Street and Monu- 
ment Avenue, are the largest, and in their design and appointments 
are modern and elegant. 

There are also a great number of boarding houses, to meet the 
varied and large demand of those who prefer such accomodations; 
but Richmond is essentially a city of homes, where ancient archi- 
tecture blends pleasantly with modern, and modest firesides are as 
much in evidence as are the more costly mansions. 

Climatic and Other Physical Features 

The location of Rich- 
mond has already been 
alluded to in connection 
with her history and her 
material interests, but 
special reference should 
be made to some other 
aspects of her situation. 
On the north bank of 
the James river, to which 
she was formerly con- 
fined, the eastern part of 




'! il ' 



MURPHY S HOTEL 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



67 




THE CHESTERFIELD 



the ciry is divided from 
the western by the deep 
valley of Shockoe Creek. 
From the banks of that 
river and creek and the 
tributaries of the latter, 
seven hills rise to plateaus 
averaging from 200 to 
250 feet above Tidewater. 
The topography of the 
city, therefore, affords ex- 
cellent surface drainage, which is supplemented by an extensive 
sewerage system. Situated about midway between the moun- 
tains and the sea, 35° 32" if north latitude, and 77 26" west 
longitude, her climate is temperate and salubrious. Her situation 
protects her from violent storms and blizzards to which other less 
sheltered localities are exposed, and she enjoys great immunity from 
epidemics and diseases of a character to be ascribed to local causes. 
An unlimited supply of pure water drawn from the higher and un- 
polluted level of the river is a most valuable factor in safeguarding 
the health of the city. The re- 
cords of the Health Department, 
under the faithful administration 
of the Board of Health and its 
efficient chief, shows Richmond 
to be one of the healthiest cities 
in the country. 

South Richmond, on the op- 
posite bank of the James, for- 
merly Manchester, but recently 
united to Richmond and desig- 
nated as Washington Ward, rises 
more gradually from the south 
shore of the river and has added gresham court 




68 



Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 



a much needed territory 
for expansion under one 
corporate administration. 
The surrounding coun- 
try is for the most part 
of a rolling character, and 
affords a number of beau- 
tiful drives and views. It 
is excellently adapted for 
villa sites, which are be- 
ing rapidly built up in. 
nearly every direction for two or three miles around the city. 
Beyond this area, on nearly every hand are scenes where battles 
and skirmishes took place during the war when Richmond was so 
many times besieged. A trip down James river will well repay 
the tourist. For notes in reference to conflicts with Indians in 
Colonial days, fights with the British during Revolutionary times, 
some of the battles which occurred in the war between the States, 
and elegant colonial mansions which adorn the shores of the river. 



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Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 69 

Richmond's Population 

In this brochure on Richmond published as a souvenir for our 
guests, the intent is only to give information with respect to sub- 
jects which, it is hoped, may prove of interest, mostly the gifts of a 
bountiful Providence and a heritage from past generations. It may 
be permissible, however, to say of the present white generation that 
it consists of a homogeneous people, largely native born, and that 
they are patriotic, law-abiding and industrious. The colored 
population is largely in evidence, but the old Virginia "darkies" 
and their descendants are a superior class of negroes, and they are 
not regarded here very seriously as "the white man's burden," but 
in many respects as a valuable factor in the domestic and industrial 
life of the community. 

So much by way of self-introduction before the Mayor presents 
you with the key of the city, and its citizens invite your attention 
to the latch-string on the outside of their doors. 













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